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So, do we think differently
So, do we think differently
So
do
we
think
differently
in different languages?
in different languages?
in
different
languages
OK.
OK.
OK
(Speaking Russian)
(Speaking Russian)
Speaking
Russian
Sorry, it's like a tongue twister.
Sorry, it's like a
tongue twister
tongue twister
X
.
Sorry
it's
like
a
tongue
twister
That's a brilliant question.
That's a brilliant question.
That's
a
brilliant
question
The Whorfian hypothesis as it's known,
The Whorfian
hypothesis
hypothesis
X
as it's known,
The
Whorfian
hypothesis
as
it's
known
which is the idea that our language affects our thinking,
which is the idea that our language affects our thinking,
which
is
the
idea
that
our
language
affects
our
thinking
has been debated for decades,
has been
debated
debated
X
for
decades
decades
X
,
has
been
debated
for
decades
even centuries.
even centuries.
even
centuries
There's a growing amount of experimental evidence
There's a growing amount of experimental
evidence
evidence
X
There's
a
growing
amount
of
experimental
evidence
that differences across languages have an influence
that differences across languages have an
influence
influence
X
that
differences
across
languages
have
an
influence
on the way speakers of those languages
on the way speakers of those languages
on
the
way
speakers
of
those
languages
conceive of the world.
conceive
conceive
X
of the world.
conceive
of
the
world
We can see that different languages
We can see that different languages
We
can
see
that
different
languages
structure the world in different ways,
structure the world in different ways,
structure
the
world
in
different
ways
they carve up the various continua
they
carve up
carve up
X
the various
continua
they
carve
up
the
various
continua
and different types of relations in the world.
and different types of relations in the world.
and
different
types
of
relations
in
the
world
The way that different languages chop up the world almost can vary,
The way that different languages
chop up
chop up
X
the world almost can vary,
The
way
that
different
languages
chop
up
the
world
almost
can
vary
and that does actually influence how you see that world.
and that does actually
influence
influence
X
how you see that world.
and
that
does
actually
influence
how
you
see
that
world
I think language changes everything about the way you think.
I think language changes everything about the way you think.
I
think
language
changes
everything
about
the
way
you
think
I go into a certain mindset, I sound deeper. I don't know why.
I go into a certain
mindset
mindset
X
, I sound deeper. I don't know why.
I
go
into
a
certain
mindset
I
sound
deeper
I
don't
know
why
I perceive situations differently, I react differently.
I
perceive
perceive
X
situations differently, I react differently.
I
perceive
situations
differently
I
react
differently
I think I'm more grounded and more in touch with my emotions in German.
I think I'm more
grounded
grounded
X
and more
in touch
in touch
X
with my emotions in German.
I
think
I'm
more
grounded
and
more
in
touch
with
my
emotions
in
German
Yeah, it makes me feel more assertive when I'm speaking Dutch
Yeah, it makes me feel more
assertive
assertive
X
when I'm speaking Dutch
Yeah
it
makes
me
feel
more
assertive
when
I'm
speaking
Dutch
because you just get straight to the point.
because you just get
straight to the point
straight to the point
X
.
because
you
just
get
straight
to
the
point
It's not just for talking -
It's not just for talking -
It's
not
just
for
talking
language is for organising an otherwise messy world
language is for organising an otherwise
messy
messy
X
world
language
is
for
organising
an
otherwise
messy
world
into identifiable categories.
into
identifiable
identifiable
X
categories.
into
identifiable
categories
It gives us ready labels.
It gives us ready labels.
It
gives
us
ready
labels
It's like Lego, you add another word to the word
It's like Lego, you add another word to the word
It's
like
Lego
you
add
another
word
to
the
word
and that makes it more precise.
and that makes it more precise.
and
that
makes
it
more
precise
Language in French is super gendered -
Language in French is super
gendered
gendered
X
-
Language
in
French
is
super
gendered
so everything has a masculine or feminine.
so everything has a masculine or feminine.
so
everything
has
a
masculine
or
feminine
And it just makes everything feel a bit more one or the other.
And it just makes everything feel a bit more one or the other.
And
it
just
makes
everything
feel
a
bit
more
one
or
the
other
If you have a word like bridge,
If you have a word like bridge,
If
you
have
a
word
like
bridge
if it's in a language where it is carrying a masculine gender
if it's in a language where it is carrying a masculine gender
if
it's
in
a
language
where
it
is
carrying
a
masculine
gender
then bridges will be described by people slightly differently.
then bridges will be described by people
slightly
slightly
X
differently.
then
bridges
will
be
described
by
people
slightly
differently
So, it might be its usefulness
So, it might be its usefulness
So
it
might
be
its
usefulness
or its power might be more associated with the feminine gender
or its power might be more
associated
associated
X
with the feminine gender
or
its
power
might
be
more
associated
with
the
feminine
gender
whereas its strength and its size
whereas
its strength and its size
whereas
its
strength
and
its
size
might be more associated with the masculine gender.
might be more
associated
associated
X
with the masculine gender.
might
be
more
associated
with
the
masculine
gender
The structure of a language forces us to attend to certain aspects
The structure of a language forces us to attend to certain
aspects
aspects
X
The
structure
of
a
language
forces
us
to
attend
to
certain
aspects
of reality that are relevant for a language,
of reality that are relevant for a language,
of
reality
that
are
relevant
for
a
language
at the moment of using that language.
at the moment of using that language.
at
the
moment
of
using
that
language
It's known as the thinking for speaking hypothesis.
It's known as the thinking for speaking
hypothesis
hypothesis
X
.
It's
known
as
the
thinking
for
speaking
hypothesis
There's evidence that language involves
There's
evidence
evidence
X
that language involves
There's
evidence
that
language
involves
some kind of image simulation
some kind of image
simulation
simulation
X
some
kind
of
image
simulation
and that that has a consequence for how we perceive of certain events.
and that that has a consequence for how we
perceive
perceive
X
of certain events.
and
that
that
has
a
consequence
for
how
we
perceive
of
certain
events
Colour is quite a complex property of a visual world.
Colour is quite a complex property of a visual world.
Colour
is
quite
a
complex
property
of
a
visual
world
Your brain is decoding colour in quite a complicated way.
Your brain is
decoding
decoding
X
colour in quite a complicated way.
Your
brain
is
decoding
colour
in
quite
a
complicated
way
So you have many languages
So you have many languages
So
you
have
many
languages
that have a term to denote both green and blue
that have a term to
denote
denote
X
both green and blue
that
have
a
term
to
denote
both
green
and
blue
and typically we call this a grue term.
and typically we call this a grue term.
and
typically
we
call
this
a
grue
term
You find this in languages like the Himba, for example,
You find this in languages like the Himba, for example,
You
find
this
in
languages
like
the
Himba
for
example
in the Namibian plains.
in the Namibian plains.
in
the
Namibian
plains
In this experiment
In this experiment
In
this
experiment
we asked participants to look at the colour tile
we asked participants to look at the colour tile
we
asked
participants
to
look
at
the
colour
tile
and then after 30 seconds we show them the full array of colours
and then after 30 seconds we show them the full
array
array
X
of colours
and
then
after
30
seconds
we
show
them
the
full
array
of
colours
and we say, "Now, pick the one that you just saw."
and we say, "Now, pick the one that you just saw."
and
we
say
Now
pick
the
one
that
you
just
saw
And it's a very difficult task if you're an English speaker
And it's a very difficult task if you're an English speaker
And
it's
a
very
difficult
task
if
you're
an
English
speaker
but a Himba speaker can do it like child's play
but a Himba speaker can do it like child's play
but
a
Himba
speaker
can
do
it
like
child's
play
because that colour is central to them.
because that colour is central to them.
because
that
colour
is
central
to
them
You simply cannot recognise colours that are not easily encoded
You simply cannot recognise colours that are not easily encoded
You
simply
cannot
recognise
colours
that
are
not
easily
encoded
in your native language.
in your native language.
in
your
native
language
I think by virtue of being born into a particular culture
I think by
virtue
virtue
X
of being born into a particular culture
I
think
by
virtue
of
being
born
into
a
particular
culture
and the language that goes with that culture
and the language that goes with that culture
and
the
language
that
goes
with
that
culture
we're almost certainly given to think in a particular way.
we're almost certainly given to think in a particular way.
we're
almost
certainly
given
to
think
in
a
particular
way
The human brain doesn’t work out of the box.
The human brain doesn’t work out of the box.
The
human
brain
doesn’t
work
out
of
the
box
You grow up and you're growing up learning languages
You grow up and you're growing up learning languages
You
grow
up
and
you're
growing
up
learning
languages
in particular environments.
in particular environments.
in
particular
environments
By the time you're dealing with an adult,
By the time you're dealing with an adult,
By
the
time
you're
dealing
with
an
adult
you're dealing with a brain that has been trained up to be an expert
you're dealing with a brain that has been
trained
trained
X
up to be an expert
you're
dealing
with
a
brain
that
has
been
trained
up
to
be
an
expert
along a number of quite specific dimensions.
along a number of quite specific
dimensions
dimensions
X
.
along
a
number
of
quite
specific
dimensions
There's actually another very, very good reason to learn a language.
There's actually another very, very good reason to learn a language.
There's
actually
another
very
very
good
reason
to
learn
a
language
That's simply to gain another perspective on the world.
That's simply to gain another perspective on the world.
That's
simply
to
gain
another
perspective
on
the
world
You can actually say a lot more, a lot quicker,
You can actually say a lot more, a lot quicker,
You
can
actually
say
a
lot
more
a
lot
quicker
in Uzbek than you can in English which is quite interesting.
in Uzbek than you can in English which is quite interesting.
in
Uzbek
than
you
can
in
English
which
is
quite
interesting
They used to be nomadic
They used to be nomadic
They
used
to
be
nomadic
which meant that the language has to be a lot quicker
which meant that the language has to be a lot quicker
which
meant
that
the
language
has
to
be
a
lot
quicker
because you were speaking to people while moving around
because you were speaking to people while moving around
because
you
were
speaking
to
people
while
moving
around
and all this kind of stuff.
and all this kind of stuff.
and
all
this
kind
of
stuff
But in a sense, language is culture and culture is language.
But in a sense, language is culture and culture is language.
But
in
a
sense
language
is
culture
and
culture
is
language
Speaking a different language is almost a gateway
Speaking a different language is almost a
gateway
gateway
X
Speaking
a
different
language
is
almost
a
gateway
into a completely different cultural understanding.
into a completely different cultural understanding.
into
a
completely
different
cultural
understanding
(Korean) Do we think differently in different languages?
(Korean) Do we think differently in different languages?
Korean
Do
we
think
differently
in
different
languages
(Russian) Do we think differently in different languages?
(Russian) Do we think differently in different languages?
Russian
Do
we
think
differently
in
different
languages
(Portuguese) Do we think differently in different languages?
(Portuguese) Do we think differently in different languages?
Portuguese
Do
we
think
differently
in
different
languages
Cognitive diversity I think is at the core of human nature.
Cognitive
Cognitive
X
diversity I think is at the
core
core
X
of human nature.
Cognitive
diversity
I
think
is
at
the
core
of
human
nature
It is probably, if you are looking for universals,
It is probably, if you are looking for universals,
It
is
probably
if
you
are
looking
for
universals
diversity is probably the one true universal of humanity.
diversity is probably the one true universal of humanity.
diversity
is
probably
the
one
true
universal
of
humanity
Thanks for watching.
Thanks for watching.
Thanks
for
watching
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ˈmʌɪn(d)sɛt
![]()
ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________A________ ________p________e________r________s________o________n________'________s________ ________w________a________y________ ________o________f________ ________t________h________i________n________k________i________n________g________ ________a________n________d________ ________t________h________e________i________r________ ________o________p________i________n________i________o________n________s________ ________o________r________ ________a________t________t________i________t________u________d________e________s________.________
əˈsəːtɪv
![]()
əˈsərdɪv
![]()
Definition
________(________a________d________j________e________c________t________i________v________e________)________ ________c________o________n________f________i________d________e________n________t________ ________i________n________ ________b________e________h________a________v________i________o________r________ ________o________r________ ________s________t________y________l________e________ ________—________s________o________m________e________t________i________m________e________s________ ________u________s________e________d________ ________f________i________g________u________r________a________t________i________v________e________l________y________
ˈɡraʊndɪd
![]()
ˈɡraʊndəd
![]()
Definition
________(________a________d________j________e________c________t________i________v________e________)________ ________H________a________v________i________n________g________ ________a________ ________s________t________r________o________n________g________ ________s________e________n________s________e________ ________o________f________ ________r________e________a________l________i________t________y________ ________a________n________d________ ________b________e________i________n________g________ ________w________e________l________l________-________b________a________l________a________n________c________e________d________ ________e________m________o________t________i________o________n________a________l________l________y________.________
dɪˈbeɪtɪd
![]()
dɪˈbeɪtɪd
![]()
Definition
________(________v________e________r________b________)________ ________t________o________ ________d________i________s________c________u________s________s________ ________o________r________ ________c________o________n________s________i________d________e________r________ ________a________ ________t________o________p________i________c________ ________o________r________ ________i________s________s________u________e________ ________f________r________o________m________ ________d________i________f________f________e________r________e________n________t________ ________p________o________i________n________t________s________ ________o________f________ ________v________i________e________w________
hʌɪˈpɒθɪsɪs
![]()
haɪˈpɑθəsəs
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________a________n________ ________i________d________e________a________ ________o________r________ ________t________h________e________o________r________y________ ________t________h________a________t________ ________i________s________ ________n________o________t________ ________p________r________o________v________e________n________ ________b________u________t________ ________t________h________a________t________ ________l________e________a________d________s________ ________t________o________ ________f________u________r________t________h________e________r________ ________s________t________u________d________y________ ________o________r________ ________d________i________s________c________u________s________s________i________o________n________
ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv
![]()
ˈkɑɡnədɪv
![]()
Definition
________(________a________d________j________e________c________t________i________v________e________)________ ________r________e________l________a________t________i________n________g________ ________t________o________ ________o________r________ ________i________n________v________o________l________v________i________n________g________ ________t________h________e________ ________p________r________o________c________e________s________s________e________s________ ________o________f________ ________t________h________i________n________k________i________n________g________ ________a________n________d________ ________u________n________d________e________r________s________t________a________n________d________i________n________g________
ˈmɛsi
![]()
ˈmɛsi
![]()
Definition
________(________a________d________j________e________c________t________i________v________e________)________ ________n________o________t________ ________c________l________e________a________n________ ________o________r________ ________t________i________d________y________
streɪt tu ðə pɔɪnt
![]()
streɪt tu ðə pɔɪnt
![]()
Definition
________(________a________d________v________e________r________b________)________ ________i________n________ ________a________ ________s________t________r________a________i________g________h________t________ ________o________r________ ________d________i________r________e________c________t________ ________w________a________y________
ˈdɛkeɪdz
![]()
ˈdɛkeɪdz
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________a________ ________p________e________r________i________o________d________ ________o________f________ ________t________e________n________ ________y________e________a________r________s________
ˈdʒɛndəd
![]()
ˈdʒɛndərd
![]()
Definition
________(________a________d________j________e________c________t________i________v________e________)________ ________C________a________t________e________g________o________r________i________z________e________d________ ________o________r________ ________c________l________a________s________s________i________f________i________e________d________ ________a________c________c________o________r________d________i________n________g________ ________t________o________ ________g________e________n________d________e________r________.________
continua
kənˈtɪnjuːəz
![]()
kənˈtɪnjuːəz
![]()
Definition
(noun) plural form of continuum, meaning a continuous sequence or range
Example
In the field of mathematics, there are multiple continua that can be studied.
ˈɛvɪd(ə)ns
![]()
ˈɛvəd(ə)ns
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________ ________w________h________i________c________h________ ________s________h________o________w________s________ ________t________h________a________t________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________ ________e________l________s________e________ ________e________x________i________s________t________s________ ________o________r________ ________i________s________ ________t________r________u________e________
ˈslʌɪtli
![]()
ˈslaɪtli
![]()
Definition
________(________a________d________v________e________r________b________)________ ________t________o________ ________a________ ________s________m________a________l________l________ ________d________e________g________r________e________e________ ________o________r________ ________e________x________t________e________n________t________
kənˈsiːv
![]()
kənˈsiv
![]()
Definition
________(________v________e________r________b________)________ ________T________o________ ________f________o________r________m________ ________o________r________ ________d________e________v________e________l________o________p________ ________a________n________ ________i________d________e________a________ ________o________r________ ________c________o________n________c________e________p________t________ ________i________n________ ________o________n________e________'________s________ ________m________i________n________d________
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________t________h________e________ ________p________o________w________e________r________ ________t________o________ ________c________h________a________n________g________e________ ________o________r________ ________a________f________f________e________c________t________ ________s________o________m________e________o________n________e________ ________o________r________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________ ________
əˈsəʊʃɪeɪtɪd
![]()
əˈsoʊsiˌeɪdəd
![]()
Definition
________(________a________d________j________e________c________t________i________v________e________)________ ________c________o________n________n________e________c________t________e________d________ ________o________r________ ________r________e________l________a________t________e________d________ ________t________o________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________
kɑːv ʌp
![]()
kɑrv ʌp
![]()
Definition
________(________p________h________r________a________s________a________l________ ________v________e________r________b________)________ ________T________o________ ________d________i________v________i________d________e________ ________o________r________ ________d________i________s________t________r________i________b________u________t________e________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________,________ ________e________s________p________e________c________i________a________l________l________y________ ________i________n________ ________a________ ________w________a________y________ ________t________h________a________t________ ________i________s________ ________u________n________f________a________i________r________ ________o________r________ ________u________n________e________q________u________a________l________.________
əˈreɪ
![]()
əˈreɪ
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________a________ ________l________a________r________g________e________ ________o________r________ ________i________m________p________r________e________s________s________i________v________e________ ________d________i________s________p________l________a________y________ ________o________r________ ________c________o________l________l________e________c________t________i________o________n________ ________o________f________ ________t________h________i________n________g________s________
pəˈsiːv
![]()
pərˈsiv
![]()
Definition
________(________v________e________r________b________)________ ________t________o________ ________n________o________t________i________c________e________ ________o________r________ ________b________e________c________o________m________e________ ________a________w________a________r________e________ ________o________f________ ________(________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________)________
chop-uhp
![]()
chop-uhp
![]()
Definition
________(________v________e________r________b________)________ ________T________o________ ________c________u________t________ ________o________r________ ________d________i________v________i________d________e________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________ ________i________n________t________o________ ________s________m________a________l________l________e________r________ ________p________i________e________c________e________s________
ˈvəːtʃuː
![]()
ˈvərtʃu
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________m________o________r________a________l________l________y________ ________g________o________o________d________ ________b________e________h________a________v________i________o________r________ ________o________r________ ________c________h________a________r________a________c________t________e________r________
dɪˈkoʊdɪŋ
![]()
dɪˈkəʊdɪŋ
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________T________h________e________ ________p________r________o________c________e________s________s________ ________o________f________ ________i________n________t________e________r________p________r________e________t________i________n________g________ ________o________r________ ________u________n________d________e________r________s________t________a________n________d________i________n________g________ ________i________n________f________o________r________m________a________t________i________o________n________ ________o________r________ ________s________i________g________n________a________l________s________.________
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________t________h________e________ ________p________o________w________e________r________ ________t________o________ ________c________h________a________n________g________e________ ________o________r________ ________a________f________f________e________c________t________ ________s________o________m________e________o________n________e________ ________o________r________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________ ________
whereas
(h)wɛˈræz
![]()
wɛˈraz
![]()
Definition
(conjunction) used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement
Example
She loves chocolate, whereas I prefer vanilla.
ɪn tʌtʃ
![]()
ɪn tʌtʃ
![]()
Definition
________(________p________h________r________a________s________e________)________ ________H________a________v________i________n________g________ ________a________ ________s________t________r________o________n________g________ ________c________o________n________n________e________c________t________i________o________n________ ________o________r________ ________u________n________d________e________r________s________t________a________n________d________i________n________g________ ________o________f________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________ ________o________r________ ________s________o________m________e________o________n________e________.________
pəˈsiːv
![]()
pərˈsiv
![]()
Definition
________(________v________e________r________b________)________ ________T________o________ ________b________e________c________o________m________e________ ________a________w________a________r________e________ ________o________f________,________ ________k________n________o________w________,________ ________o________r________ ________i________d________e________n________t________i________f________y________ ________t________h________r________o________u________g________h________ ________t________h________e________ ________s________e________n________s________e________s________ ________o________r________ ________m________i________n________d________.________
ˈæs.pɛkts
![]()
ˈæs.pɛkts
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________a________ ________p________a________r________t________i________c________u________l________a________r________ ________p________a________r________t________ ________o________r________ ________f________e________a________t________u________r________e________ ________o________f________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________
dɪˈnəʊt
![]()
dəˈnoʊt
![]()
Definition
________(________v________e________r________b________)________ ________t________o________ ________b________e________ ________a________ ________s________i________g________n________ ________o________r________ ________s________y________m________b________o________l________ ________o________f________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________;________ ________t________o________ ________i________n________d________i________c________a________t________e________ ________o________r________ ________r________e________p________r________e________s________e________n________t________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________
ˈɡeɪtweɪ
![]()
ˈɡeɪtˌweɪ
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________a________ ________m________e________a________n________s________ ________o________f________ ________a________c________c________e________s________s________ ________o________r________ ________e________n________t________r________y________ ________t________o________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________
ʌɪˈdɛntɪfʌɪəbl
![]()
aɪˌdɛn(t)əˈfaɪəb(ə)l
![]()
Definition
________(________v________e________r________b________)________ ________t________o________ ________k________n________o________w________ ________a________n________d________ ________s________a________y________ ________w________h________o________ ________s________o________m________e________o________n________e________ ________i________s________ ________o________r________ ________w________h________a________t________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________ ________i________s________
kɔː
![]()
kɔr
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________T________h________e________ ________c________e________n________t________r________a________l________ ________o________r________ ________m________o________s________t________ ________i________m________p________o________r________t________a________n________t________ ________p________a________r________t________ ________o________f________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________.________
treɪnd
![]()
treɪnd
![]()
Definition
________(________v________e________r________b________)________ ________t________o________ ________t________e________a________c________h________ ________(________s________o________m________e________o________n________e________)________ ________t________h________e________ ________s________k________i________l________l________s________ ________n________e________e________d________e________d________ ________t________o________ ________d________o________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________ ________(________s________u________c________h________ ________a________s________ ________a________ ________j________o________b________)________ ________:________ ________t________o________ ________g________i________v________e________ ________i________n________s________t________r________u________c________t________i________o________n________ ________t________o________ ________(________s________o________m________e________o________n________e________)________
dɪˈmɛnʃənz
![]()
dɪˈmɛnʃənz
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________t________h________e________ ________l________e________n________g________t________h________,________ ________w________i________d________t________h________,________ ________h________e________i________g________h________t________,________ ________o________r________ ________d________e________p________t________h________ ________o________f________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________ ________:________ ________a________ ________m________e________a________s________u________r________e________m________e________n________t________ ________i________n________ ________o________n________e________ ________d________i________r________e________c________t________i________o________n________ ________(________s________u________c________h________ ________a________s________ ________t________h________e________ ________d________i________s________t________a________n________c________e________ ________f________r________o________m________ ________t________h________e________ ________c________e________i________l________i________n________g________ ________t________o________ ________t________h________e________ ________f________l________o________o________r________ ________i________n________ ________a________ ________r________o________o________m________)________
ˌsɪmjʊˈleɪʃn
![]()
ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________ ________t________h________a________t________ ________i________s________ ________m________a________d________e________ ________t________o________ ________l________o________o________k________,________ ________f________e________e________l________,________ ________o________r________ ________b________e________h________a________v________e________ ________l________i________k________e________ ________s________o________m________e________t________h________i________n________g________ ________e________l________s________e________ ________e________s________p________e________c________i________a________l________l________y________ ________s________o________ ________t________h________a________t________ ________i________t________ ________c________a________n________ ________b________e________ ________s________t________u________d________i________e________d________ ________o________r________ ________u________s________e________d________ ________t________o________ ________t________r________a________i________n________ ________p________e________o________p________l________e________ ________
hʌɪˈpɒθɪsɪs
![]()
haɪˈpɑθəsəs
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________a________n________ ________i________d________e________a________ ________o________r________ ________t________h________e________o________r________y________ ________t________h________a________t________ ________i________s________ ________n________o________t________ ________p________r________o________v________e________n________ ________b________u________t________ ________t________h________a________t________ ________l________e________a________d________s________ ________t________o________ ________f________u________r________t________h________e________r________ ________s________t________u________d________y________ ________o________r________ ________d________i________s________c________u________s________s________i________o________n________
tʌŋ ˈtwɪstər
![]()
tʌŋ ˈtwɪstər
![]()
Definition
________(________n________o________u________n________)________ ________A________ ________p________h________r________a________s________e________ ________o________r________ ________s________e________n________t________e________n________c________e________ ________t________h________a________t________ ________i________s________ ________d________i________f________f________i________c________u________l________t________ ________t________o________ ________p________r________o________n________o________u________n________c________e________,________ ________e________s________p________e________c________i________a________l________l________y________ ________w________h________e________n________ ________s________p________o________k________e________n________ ________q________u________i________c________k________l________y________.________
mindset
ˈmʌɪn(d)sɛt
![]()
ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt
![]()
Definition
(noun) A person's way of thinking and their opinions or attitudes.
Example
Having a growth mindset can lead to greater success in life.
assertive
əˈsəːtɪv
![]()
əˈsərdɪv
![]()
Definition
(adjective) confident in behavior or style —sometimes used figuratively
Example
She was assertive in stating her opinion during the meeting.
grounded
ˈɡraʊndɪd
![]()
ˈɡraʊndəd
![]()
Definition
(adjective) Having a strong sense of reality and being well-balanced emotionally.
Example
She is a grounded individual who always thinks before acting.
debated
dɪˈbeɪtɪd
![]()
dɪˈbeɪtɪd
![]()
Definition
(verb) to discuss or consider a topic or issue from different points of view
Example
They debated the pros and cons of the new policy.
hypothesis
hʌɪˈpɒθɪsɪs
![]()
haɪˈpɑθəsəs
![]()
Definition
(noun) an idea or theory that is not proven but that leads to further study or discussion
Example
Her hypothesis about the cause of the disease was correct.
Cognitive
ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv
![]()
ˈkɑɡnədɪv
![]()
Definition
(adjective) relating to or involving the processes of thinking and understanding
Example
The cognitive abilities of children develop as they grow older.
messy
ˈmɛsi
![]()
ˈmɛsi
![]()
Definition
(adjective) not clean or tidy
Example
Her room is always messy, with clothes strewn all over the floor.
straight to the point
streɪt tu ðə pɔɪnt
![]()
streɪt tu ðə pɔɪnt
![]()
Definition
(adverb) in a straight or direct way
Example
I appreciate that you always get straight to the point in our meetings.
decades
ˈdɛkeɪdz
![]()
ˈdɛkeɪdz
![]()
Definition
(noun) a period of ten years
Example
I have been studying English for decades.
gendered
ˈdʒɛndəd
![]()
ˈdʒɛndərd
![]()
Definition
(adjective) Categorized or classified according to gender.
Example
The gendered roles in society are changing rapidly.
continua
kənˈtɪnjuːəz
![]()
kənˈtɪnjuːəz
![]()
Definition
(noun) plural form of continuum, meaning a continuous sequence or range
Example
In the field of mathematics, there are multiple continua that can be studied.
evidence
ˈɛvɪd(ə)ns
![]()
ˈɛvəd(ə)ns
![]()
Definition
(noun) something which shows that something else exists or is true
Example
The detective presented the evidence to the court.
slightly
ˈslʌɪtli
![]()
ˈslaɪtli
![]()
Definition
(adverb) to a small degree or extent
Example
The temperature dropped slightly overnight.
conceive
kənˈsiːv
![]()
kənˈsiv
![]()
Definition
(verb) To form or develop an idea or concept in one's mind
Example
She couldn't conceive of a world without technology.
influence
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
Definition
(noun) the power to change or affect someone or something
Example
I was still under the influence of my parents
associated
əˈsəʊʃɪeɪtɪd
![]()
əˈsoʊsiˌeɪdəd
![]()
Definition
(adjective) connected or related to something
Example
The color pink is often associated with femininity.
carve up
kɑːv ʌp
![]()
kɑrv ʌp
![]()
Definition
(phrasal verb) To divide or distribute something, especially in a way that is unfair or unequal.
Example
The politicians carved up the country's resources among themselves.
array
əˈreɪ
![]()
əˈreɪ
![]()
Definition
(noun) a large or impressive display or collection of things
Example
The art gallery had an array of paintings from different periods.
perceive
pəˈsiːv
![]()
pərˈsiv
![]()
Definition
(verb) to notice or become aware of (something)
chop up
chop-uhp
![]()
chop-uhp
![]()
Definition
(verb) To cut or divide something into smaller pieces
Example
She used a knife to chop up the vegetables for the salad.
virtue
ˈvəːtʃuː
![]()
ˈvərtʃu
![]()
Definition
(noun) morally good behavior or character
Example
She displayed great virtue by helping those in need.
decoding
dɪˈkoʊdɪŋ
![]()
dɪˈkəʊdɪŋ
![]()
Definition
(noun) The process of interpreting or understanding information or signals.
Example
The decoding of encrypted messages requires advanced computer algorithms.
influence
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
Definition
(noun) the power to change or affect someone or something
Example
Her parents' political beliefs had a strong influence on her own views.
whereas
(h)wɛˈræz
![]()
wɛˈraz
![]()
Definition
(conjunction) used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement
Example
She loves chocolate, whereas I prefer vanilla.
in touch
ɪn tʌtʃ
![]()
ɪn tʌtʃ
![]()
Definition
(phrase) Having a strong connection or understanding of something or someone.
Example
After spending time in nature, I feel more in touch with myself.
perceive
pəˈsiːv
![]()
pərˈsiv
![]()
Definition
(verb) To become aware of, know, or identify through the senses or mind.
Example
She perceives a hidden meaning in his words.
aspects
ˈæs.pɛkts
![]()
ˈæs.pɛkts
![]()
Definition
(noun) a particular part or feature of something
denote
dɪˈnəʊt
![]()
dəˈnoʊt
![]()
Definition
(verb) to be a sign or symbol of something; to indicate or represent something
Example
In some cultures, the color purple denotes royalty and wealth.
gateway
ˈɡeɪtweɪ
![]()
ˈɡeɪtˌweɪ
![]()
Definition
(noun) a means of access or entry to something
Example
Learning to play a musical instrument can be a gateway to a career in music.
identifiable
ʌɪˈdɛntɪfʌɪəbl
![]()
aɪˌdɛn(t)əˈfaɪəb(ə)l
![]()
Definition
(verb) to know and say who someone is or what something is
Example
The man was wearing a disguise, but his voice was still identifiable.
core
kɔː
![]()
kɔr
![]()
Definition
(noun) The central or most important part of something.
Example
Hard work and dedication are at the core of success.
trained
treɪnd
![]()
treɪnd
![]()
Definition
(verb) to teach (someone) the skills needed to do something (such as a job) : to give instruction to (someone)
Example
She is a trained pianist, having studied music for many years.
dimensions
dɪˈmɛnʃənz
![]()
dɪˈmɛnʃənz
![]()
Definition
(noun) the length, width, height, or depth of something : a measurement in one direction (such as the distance from the ceiling to the floor in a room)
Example
The dimensions of the room are 10 feet by 12 feet.
simulation
ˌsɪmjʊˈleɪʃn
![]()
ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən
![]()
Definition
(noun) something that is made to look, feel, or behave like something else especially so that it can be studied or used to train people
Example
The flight simulator provides a realistic simulation of flying a plane.
hypothesis
hʌɪˈpɒθɪsɪs
![]()
haɪˈpɑθəsəs
![]()
Definition
(noun) an idea or theory that is not proven but that leads to further study or discussion
Example
Scientists often formulate hypotheses to test their theories.
tongue twister
tʌŋ ˈtwɪstər
![]()
tʌŋ ˈtwɪstər
![]()
Definition
(noun) A phrase or sentence that is difficult to pronounce, especially when spoken quickly.
Example
She tried to say the tongue twister 'How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?'
mindset
ˈmʌɪn(d)sɛt
![]()
ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt
![]()
Definition
(noun) A person's way of thinking and their opinions or attitudes.
Example
Having a growth mindset can lead to greater success in life.
assertive
əˈsəːtɪv
![]()
əˈsərdɪv
![]()
Definition
(adjective) confident in behavior or style —sometimes used figuratively
Example
She was assertive in stating her opinion during the meeting.
grounded
ˈɡraʊndɪd
![]()
ˈɡraʊndəd
![]()
Definition
(adjective) Having a strong sense of reality and being well-balanced emotionally.
Example
She is a grounded individual who always thinks before acting.
debated
dɪˈbeɪtɪd
![]()
dɪˈbeɪtɪd
![]()
Definition
(verb) to discuss or consider a topic or issue from different points of view
Example
They debated the pros and cons of the new policy.
hypothesis
hʌɪˈpɒθɪsɪs
![]()
haɪˈpɑθəsəs
![]()
Definition
(noun) an idea or theory that is not proven but that leads to further study or discussion
Example
Her hypothesis about the cause of the disease was correct.
Cognitive
ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv
![]()
ˈkɑɡnədɪv
![]()
Definition
(adjective) relating to or involving the processes of thinking and understanding
Example
The cognitive abilities of children develop as they grow older.
messy
ˈmɛsi
![]()
ˈmɛsi
![]()
Definition
(adjective) not clean or tidy
Example
Her room is always messy, with clothes strewn all over the floor.
straight to the point
streɪt tu ðə pɔɪnt
![]()
streɪt tu ðə pɔɪnt
![]()
Definition
(adverb) in a straight or direct way
Example
I appreciate that you always get straight to the point in our meetings.
decades
ˈdɛkeɪdz
![]()
ˈdɛkeɪdz
![]()
Definition
(noun) a period of ten years
Example
I have been studying English for decades.
gendered
ˈdʒɛndəd
![]()
ˈdʒɛndərd
![]()
Definition
(adjective) Categorized or classified according to gender.
Example
The gendered roles in society are changing rapidly.
continua
kənˈtɪnjuːəz
![]()
kənˈtɪnjuːəz
![]()
Definition
(noun) plural form of continuum, meaning a continuous sequence or range
Example
In the field of mathematics, there are multiple continua that can be studied.
evidence
ˈɛvɪd(ə)ns
![]()
ˈɛvəd(ə)ns
![]()
Definition
(noun) something which shows that something else exists or is true
Example
The detective presented the evidence to the court.
slightly
ˈslʌɪtli
![]()
ˈslaɪtli
![]()
Definition
(adverb) to a small degree or extent
Example
The temperature dropped slightly overnight.
conceive
kənˈsiːv
![]()
kənˈsiv
![]()
Definition
(verb) To form or develop an idea or concept in one's mind
Example
She couldn't conceive of a world without technology.
influence
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
Definition
(noun) the power to change or affect someone or something
Example
I was still under the influence of my parents
associated
əˈsəʊʃɪeɪtɪd
![]()
əˈsoʊsiˌeɪdəd
![]()
Definition
(adjective) connected or related to something
Example
The color pink is often associated with femininity.
carve up
kɑːv ʌp
![]()
kɑrv ʌp
![]()
Definition
(phrasal verb) To divide or distribute something, especially in a way that is unfair or unequal.
Example
The politicians carved up the country's resources among themselves.
array
əˈreɪ
![]()
əˈreɪ
![]()
Definition
(noun) a large or impressive display or collection of things
Example
The art gallery had an array of paintings from different periods.
perceive
pəˈsiːv
![]()
pərˈsiv
![]()
Definition
(verb) to notice or become aware of (something)
chop up
chop-uhp
![]()
chop-uhp
![]()
Definition
(verb) To cut or divide something into smaller pieces
Example
She used a knife to chop up the vegetables for the salad.
virtue
ˈvəːtʃuː
![]()
ˈvərtʃu
![]()
Definition
(noun) morally good behavior or character
Example
She displayed great virtue by helping those in need.
decoding
dɪˈkoʊdɪŋ
![]()
dɪˈkəʊdɪŋ
![]()
Definition
(noun) The process of interpreting or understanding information or signals.
Example
The decoding of encrypted messages requires advanced computer algorithms.
influence
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
ˈɪnflʊəns
![]()
Definition
(noun) the power to change or affect someone or something
Example
Her parents' political beliefs had a strong influence on her own views.
whereas
(h)wɛˈræz
![]()
wɛˈraz
![]()
Definition
(conjunction) used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement
Example
She loves chocolate, whereas I prefer vanilla.
in touch
ɪn tʌtʃ
![]()
ɪn tʌtʃ
![]()
Definition
(phrase) Having a strong connection or understanding of something or someone.
Example
After spending time in nature, I feel more in touch with myself.
perceive
pəˈsiːv
![]()
pərˈsiv
![]()
Definition
(verb) To become aware of, know, or identify through the senses or mind.
Example
She perceives a hidden meaning in his words.
aspects
ˈæs.pɛkts
![]()
ˈæs.pɛkts
![]()
Definition
(noun) a particular part or feature of something
denote
dɪˈnəʊt
![]()
dəˈnoʊt
![]()
Definition
(verb) to be a sign or symbol of something; to indicate or represent something
Example
In some cultures, the color purple denotes royalty and wealth.
gateway
ˈɡeɪtweɪ
![]()
ˈɡeɪtˌweɪ
![]()
Definition
(noun) a means of access or entry to something
Example
Learning to play a musical instrument can be a gateway to a career in music.
identifiable
ʌɪˈdɛntɪfʌɪəbl
![]()
aɪˌdɛn(t)əˈfaɪəb(ə)l
![]()
Definition
(verb) to know and say who someone is or what something is
Example
The man was wearing a disguise, but his voice was still identifiable.
core
kɔː
![]()
kɔr
![]()
Definition
(noun) The central or most important part of something.
Example
Hard work and dedication are at the core of success.
trained
treɪnd
![]()
treɪnd
![]()
Definition
(verb) to teach (someone) the skills needed to do something (such as a job) : to give instruction to (someone)
Example
She is a trained pianist, having studied music for many years.
dimensions
dɪˈmɛnʃənz
![]()
dɪˈmɛnʃənz
![]()
Definition
(noun) the length, width, height, or depth of something : a measurement in one direction (such as the distance from the ceiling to the floor in a room)
Example
The dimensions of the room are 10 feet by 12 feet.
simulation
ˌsɪmjʊˈleɪʃn
![]()
ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən
![]()
Definition
(noun) something that is made to look, feel, or behave like something else especially so that it can be studied or used to train people
Example
The flight simulator provides a realistic simulation of flying a plane.
hypothesis
hʌɪˈpɒθɪsɪs
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haɪˈpɑθəsəs
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Definition
(noun) an idea or theory that is not proven but that leads to further study or discussion
Example
Scientists often formulate hypotheses to test their theories.
tongue twister
tʌŋ ˈtwɪstər
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tʌŋ ˈtwɪstər
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Definition
(noun) A phrase or sentence that is difficult to pronounce, especially when spoken quickly.
Example
She tried to say the tongue twister 'How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?'
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Review vocabulary
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Reviewing these words will help you complete the gaps correctly.
carve up
kɑːv ʌp
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kɑrv ʌp
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Definition
(phrasal verb) To divide or distribute something, especially in a way that is unfair or unequal.
Example
The politicians carved up the country's resources among themselves.
trained
treɪnd
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treɪnd
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Definition
(verb) to teach (someone) the skills needed to do something (such as a job) : to give instruction to (someone)
Example
She is a trained pianist, having studied music for many years.
core
kɔː
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kɔr
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Definition
(noun) The central or most important part of something.
Example
Hard work and dedication are at the core of success.
dimensions
dɪˈmɛnʃənz
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dɪˈmɛnʃənz
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Definition
(noun) the length, width, height, or depth of something : a measurement in one direction (such as the distance from the ceiling to the floor in a room)
Example
The dimensions of the room are 10 feet by 12 feet.
aspects
ˈæs.pɛkts
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ˈæs.pɛkts
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Definition
(noun) a particular part or feature of something
influence
ˈɪnflʊəns
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ˈɪnflʊəns
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Definition
(noun) the power to change or affect someone or something
Example
I was still under the influence of my parents
associated
əˈsəʊʃɪeɪtɪd
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əˈsoʊsiˌeɪdəd
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Definition
(adjective) connected or related to something
Example
The color pink is often associated with femininity.
tongue twister
tʌŋ ˈtwɪstər
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tʌŋ ˈtwɪstər
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Definition
(noun) A phrase or sentence that is difficult to pronounce, especially when spoken quickly.
Example
She tried to say the tongue twister 'How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?'
Cognitive
ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv
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ˈkɑɡnədɪv
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Definition
(adjective) relating to or involving the processes of thinking and understanding
Example
The cognitive abilities of children develop as they grow older.
decades
ˈdɛkeɪdz
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ˈdɛkeɪdz
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Definition
(noun) a period of ten years
Example
I have been studying English for decades.
mindset
ˈmʌɪn(d)sɛt
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ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt
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Definition
(noun) A person's way of thinking and their opinions or attitudes.
Example
Having a growth mindset can lead to greater success in life.
grounded
ˈɡraʊndɪd
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ˈɡraʊndəd
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Definition
(adjective) Having a strong sense of reality and being well-balanced emotionally.
Example
She is a grounded individual who always thinks before acting.
chop up
chop-uhp
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chop-uhp
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Definition
(verb) To cut or divide something into smaller pieces
Example
She used a knife to chop up the vegetables for the salad.
slightly
ˈslʌɪtli
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ˈslaɪtli
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Definition
(adverb) to a small degree or extent
Example
The temperature dropped slightly overnight.
messy
ˈmɛsi
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ˈmɛsi
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Definition
(adjective) not clean or tidy
Example
Her room is always messy, with clothes strewn all over the floor.
assertive
əˈsəːtɪv
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əˈsərdɪv
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Definition
(adjective) confident in behavior or style —sometimes used figuratively
Example
She was assertive in stating her opinion during the meeting.
decoding
dɪˈkoʊdɪŋ
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dɪˈkəʊdɪŋ
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Definition
(noun) The process of interpreting or understanding information or signals.
Example
The decoding of encrypted messages requires advanced computer algorithms.
virtue
ˈvəːtʃuː
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ˈvərtʃu
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Definition
(noun) morally good behavior or character
Example
She displayed great virtue by helping those in need.
straight to the point
streɪt tu ðə pɔɪnt
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streɪt tu ðə pɔɪnt
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Definition
(adverb) in a straight or direct way
Example
I appreciate that you always get straight to the point in our meetings.
gendered
ˈdʒɛndəd
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ˈdʒɛndərd
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Definition
(adjective) Categorized or classified according to gender.
Example
The gendered roles in society are changing rapidly.
conceive
kənˈsiːv
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kənˈsiv
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Definition
(verb) To form or develop an idea or concept in one's mind
Example
She couldn't conceive of a world without technology.
identifiable
ʌɪˈdɛntɪfʌɪəbl
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aɪˌdɛn(t)əˈfaɪəb(ə)l
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Definition
(verb) to know and say who someone is or what something is
Example
The man was wearing a disguise, but his voice was still identifiable.
array
əˈreɪ
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əˈreɪ
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Definition
(noun) a large or impressive display or collection of things
Example
The art gallery had an array of paintings from different periods.
hypothesis
hʌɪˈpɒθɪsɪs
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haɪˈpɑθəsəs
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Definition
(noun) an idea or theory that is not proven but that leads to further study or discussion
Example
Her hypothesis about the cause of the disease was correct.
in touch
ɪn tʌtʃ
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ɪn tʌtʃ
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Definition
(phrase) Having a strong connection or understanding of something or someone.
Example
After spending time in nature, I feel more in touch with myself.
hypothesis
hʌɪˈpɒθɪsɪs
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haɪˈpɑθəsəs
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Definition
(noun) an idea or theory that is not proven but that leads to further study or discussion
Example
Scientists often formulate hypotheses to test their theories.
perceive
pəˈsiːv
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pərˈsiv
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Definition
(verb) to notice or become aware of (something)
denote
dɪˈnəʊt
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dəˈnoʊt
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Definition
(verb) to be a sign or symbol of something; to indicate or represent something
Example
In some cultures, the color purple denotes royalty and wealth.
simulation
ˌsɪmjʊˈleɪʃn
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ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən
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Definition
(noun) something that is made to look, feel, or behave like something else especially so that it can be studied or used to train people
Example
The flight simulator provides a realistic simulation of flying a plane.
debated
dɪˈbeɪtɪd
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dɪˈbeɪtɪd
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Definition
(verb) to discuss or consider a topic or issue from different points of view
Example
They debated the pros and cons of the new policy.
gateway
ˈɡeɪtweɪ
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ˈɡeɪtˌweɪ
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Definition
(noun) a means of access or entry to something
Example
Learning to play a musical instrument can be a gateway to a career in music.
influence
ˈɪnflʊəns
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ˈɪnflʊəns
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Definition
(noun) the power to change or affect someone or something
Example
Her parents' political beliefs had a strong influence on her own views.
perceive
pəˈsiːv
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pərˈsiv
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Definition
(verb) To become aware of, know, or identify through the senses or mind.
Example
She perceives a hidden meaning in his words.
evidence
ˈɛvɪd(ə)ns
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ˈɛvəd(ə)ns
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Definition
(noun) something which shows that something else exists or is true
Example
The detective presented the evidence to the court.
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